Extreme climatic conditions and pollution of solar panels

In recent years, dust storms have become a significant problem not only in desert regions but also in Europe. For example, Saharan dust regularly reaches the Czech Republic, where it pollutes not only the air but also the surface of solar panels.

How does dust affect the performance of photovoltaic panels?

• Reduction of solar radiation - A layer of dust can reduce light transmission by up to 30%, which means a significant loss of power
• Panel overheating - Dust can form an insulating layer, leading to overheating of the panels and reduced solar cell efficiency
• Electrical imbalance - Uneven pollution can cause "hot spots" where some parts of the panels overheat more than others, which can lead to damage to the panels

A study published in the Renewable Energy Journal reports that PV panels exposed to regular dust storms can have an average 20-40% lower output if they are not cleaned regularly

Frequent rainfall- self-cleaning or a problem?
Many people think that rain will automatically wash PV panels and remove all the dirt from them. However, the truth is more complicated. While fine dirt can be washed away by rain, long-term dirt and oily deposits remain and require mechanical cleaning.

Negative effects of rain on panels:

• Leaving mineral deposits - If the water contains large amounts of minerals (called hard water), it leaves calcium stains when evaporating, which further reduce light absorption.
• Combination of dust and moisture - If raindrops fall on dusty panels, they can form a sticky layer of mud that is difficult to remove
• Micro-organisms and mould - Frequent rainfall can encourage the growth of algae and mould on panels, especially in areas with higher humidity.

According to research by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), improperly drained rainwater can lead to a buildup of dirt on the underside of panels, which can cause up to 15% loss of performance.

Pollen season: a big problem for solar power
The spring months bring increased amounts of pollen in the air, which can be a serious problem for solar power plants located near forests or agricultural areas. Pollen often settles on the surface of panels in a thin layer that is invisible at first glance but dramatically affects their performance.

How does pollen reduce the efficiency of photovoltaic panels?

• Creates a diffuse layer - Pollen does not scatter light evenly, causing uneven illumination of the cells and reducing energy production.
• Attracts other dirt - Pollen contains oily components that make it easier for dust and other particles to stick to it.
• Creates chemical reactions - When combined with rainwater, pollen can form a sticky film that requires thorough cleaning.

A University of California study showed that pollen deposits can reduce panel performance by 10-15%, while when combined with dust, the performance loss can be up to 25%.

How often should I clean my panels?
The frequency of panel cleaning depends on the slope of the installation and the type of panels, and the frequency and technology of the cleaning itself is chosen accordingly. The frequency of cleaning is also highly dependent on the location of the installation and the climatic conditions in the region.

• In agricultural areas, due to pollen fallout from plants, photovoltaic (solar) panels need to be cleaned at least twice a year.
• Photovoltaic (solar) panels that are located in areas with a high bird population or near transport facilities necessarily need to be cleaned more frequently.
• In urban areas, cleaning PV (solar) panels twice a year should be sufficient.
• For installations in industrial areas and in areas with a high degree of air pollution, the condition of the panels should be monitored and cleaning should be carried out as necessary.

Our company provides, among other services, panel cleaning. Do not hesitate to contact us, we will be happy to create a quote for you.